Efecte ale stilului de leadership asupra performantei în mediul organizational
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i1.348Keywords:
leadership transformațional, tranzacțional, laissez-faire, comportament contraproductiv, comportament cetățenesc organizațional, satisfacția cu superiorul, efort suplimentar, eficiențăAbstract
Bazându-se pe teoria leadershipul-ui transformațional; studiul de față investighează tipul de leadership ca predictor al performanței manifestată prin tipurile de comportamente la locul de muncă a 60 de manageri din mediul organizațional. Pentru evaluarea acestor leaderi au fost implicați în cercetare 138 de participanți subalterni ai acestor manageri. Acestora li s-au aplicat, pentru măsurarea predictorilor, chestionarul de personalitate BFQ si chestionarul heteroevaluator a tipului de leadership MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionaire). Pentru măsurarea variabilelor criteriu s-au aplicat următoarele instrumente: IODS ce măsoară comportamentele contraproductive la locul de muncă, Scala CCO care evaluează comportamentul cetățenesc organizațional manifestat la locul de muncă, si MLQ prin intermediul căruia s-a evaluat efortul suplimentar depus de către subordonați, satisfacția cu managerul si eficiența superiorului. Rezultatele obținute în urma acestui studiu, indică faptul că comportamentelele prosociale sunt relaționate pozitiv cu un stil de leadership Transformațional si negativ de stilul de leadership Laissez-Faire. Comportamentele contraproductive sunt asociate pozitiv cu un stil de leadership Laissez-Faire si negativ cu Leadership-ul Transformațional. Conform rezultatelor obținute în studiul de față efectele leadershipului tranzacțional asupra comportamentelor prosociale si deviante manifestate de către subalterni la locul de muncă sunt nesemnificative.
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References
Arnold, K.A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, K.E., & McKee, C. (2007). Transformational Leadership and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Meaningful Work. Journal of Occupational and Health Psychology. 12,3, 193-203.
Avolio, B.I., & Bass, B.M. (1999). Re-examining the componenets of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 72, 1, 441-462.
Avolio, B., Bass, B., Iliescu, D., Beldean, F., & Sîntion, F. (2007). Technical and interpretative manual of the MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) in Romania. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Bachrach, D.G., Powell, B.C., Bendoly, E., & Richey, R.G., (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance Evaluations: Exploring the Impact of Task Interdependence Journal of Applied Psychology. 91, 1, 193-201.
Bass B. M., Jung D.I., Avolio B.J., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 207-218.
Bennett, R.J., & Robinson, S.L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology. 85,3, 349-360.
Bono, J.E., Foldes, H.J., Vinson, G., & Muros, J.P. (2007). Workplace emotionas: the role of supervision and leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 5, 1357-1367.
Bono, J.E., & Judge, T.A. (2004). Personality and Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership, a Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 5, 901- 910.
Bono, J.E., & Judge, T.A. (2003). Self-concordance at work : toward understanding motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 554-571.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10, 99–109.
Bruk-Lee, V., & Spector, P.E. (2006). The Social Stressors–Counterproductive Work Behaviors Link: Are Conflicts With Supervisors and Coworkers the Same? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2006, 11, 2, 145–156.
Bycio, P., Hackett, R.D., & Allen J.S. (1995). Further Assessments of Bass’s (1985). Conceptualization of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology. 80, 4, 468-478.
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., Pitariu, H. D., Vercellino, D., & Iliescu, D. (2008). Manual tehnic si interpretativ al BFQ pentru Romania. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Chemers M.M. (2000). Leadership Research an Theory: A Functional Integration. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 1, 27-43.
Cobia, D. C, & Boes, S. R. (2000). Professional disclosure statements and formal plans for supervision: Two strategies for minimizing the risk of ethical conflicts in post-master's supervision. Journal of Counseling and
Development, 78, 293-296.
Colbert, A.E., Mount, M.K., Harter, J.K., Witt, L.A., & Barrick, M.R. (2004). Interactive Effects of Personality and Perceptions of the Work Situation onWorkplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 4, 599–609.
Dalal, R.S. (2005). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between OrganizationalCitizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology,90, 6, 1241-1255.
Den Hartog, D.N., Van Muijen, J.J., & Koopman, P.L. (1997). Transactional versus Transformational leadership: an analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1, 2, 19-34.
Dierendonck, D., Haynes, C., Borrill, C., & Stride, C. (2004). Leadership Behavior and Subordonate Well-Being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 9(2), 165-175.
Dilchert, S., Ones, D.S., Davis, R.D., & Rostow, C.D., (2007). Cognitive Ability Predicts Objectively Measured Counterproductive Work Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 3, 616–627.
Epitropaki, O., & Martin R. (2005) From Ideal to Real: A Longitudinal Study of the Role of Implicit Leadership Theories on Leader–Member Exchanges and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90, 4, 659 –676.
Fuqua, D.R., & Newman (2005). Integrating Structural and Behavioral Leadership Strategies. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 57, 2, 126-132.
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R.B. (2005). What we know about Leadership. Review of central Psychology. 9,2, 169-180.
Howell, J.M., & Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational Leadership,
Transactional Leadership, Locus of Control and Support for Innovation: Key Predoctors of Consolidated – Business – Unit Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 6, 891-902.
Hurz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869–879.
Jackson C.L. & LePine J.A. (2003) Peer Responses to a Team’s Weakest Link: A Test and Extension of LePine and Van Dyne’s Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 3, 459–475.
Judge, T.A., & Piccolo, R.F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 5, 755-768.
Judge, T.A., Piccolo, R.F., & Ilies, R. (2004). The Forgotten Ones? The Validity of Consideration and Initiating Structure in Leadership Research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89(1), 36–51.
Kara, A.A., Turner, N., Barling J., Kelloway, E.K., & McKee, M. (2007). Tranformational leadership and psychological well-being : the mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12,3, 193-203.
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The Two Facets of Transformational Leadership: Empowerment and Dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 246-255.
Keller, R.T. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Initiating Structure, and Substitutes for Leadership: A Longitudinal Study of Research and Development Project Team Performance. Journal of Applied
Psychology. 91, 1, 202–210.
Kelloway, E., Mullen, J., & Francis, L. (2006). Divergent Effects of Transformational and Passive Leadership on Employee Safety. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 11, 1, 76-86.
Levine, & Xu, Xian, (2005). Development and validation of the State-Trait Emotion Measure (STEM). Paper presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the Society Industrial and Organizational Psychology, April.
Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2007). Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 4, 1006-1019.
Lim, B.C., & Ployhart, R.E. (2004). Transformational Leadership Relation to the Five/Factor Model and Team Performance in Typical and Maximum Context. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 4, 610-621.
Lowe, K.B., Kroeck, K.G., & Sivasubramanian, N. (1996) Effectiveness corelates of transformation and trasational leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. Leadership Quarterly, 7, 1, 385- 425.
McCarthy Veach, P. (2001). Conflict and Counterproductivity in Supervision—When Relationships Are Less Than Ideal: Comment on Nelson and Friedlander (2001). and Gray et al. (2001) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 4, 396-400.
Moorman, R. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 6, 845-855.
Northouse, P.G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and practice. California: Saje Publication.
Offerman, L.R., & Hellman, P.S. (1996). Leadership behavior and subordonate stress. A 360° view. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 382- 390.
Pearce, C.L., & Sims, H.P.jr. (2002). Vertical Versus Shared Leadership as Predictors of the Effectiveness of Change Management Teams: An Examination of Aversive, Directive, Transactional, Transformational and Empowering Leader Behaviors. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and
Practice, 6, 2, 172-197.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of
Management, 26, 1, 513–561.
Rioux, S.M., & Penner, L.A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86, 6, 1306-1314.
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P.R. (2002). The Relative Importance of Task, Citizenship, and Counterproductive Performance to Global Ratings of Job Performance: A Policy-Capturing Approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1, 66–80.
Salgado, J.F. (2002). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Counterproductive Behaviors International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10, 1, 117-125
Sava, F., (2004). Analiza datelor în cercetarea psihologică. Metode statistice
complementare. Cluj-Napoca: Editura ASCR.
Sîntion, F., & Iliescu, D. (2007). Teoriile leadershipului. Anexa teoretica la manualul MLQ. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S.S., & Cha, S.E. (2007). Embracing Transformational Leadership: Team Values and the Impact of Leader Behavior on Team Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 4, 1020–1030.
Sosik, J. J., Avolio, B.J., & Kahai, S.S. (1997). Effects of leadeship Styles and Anonymity on Group Potency and Effectiveness in a Group Decision Support System Environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 1, 89-103.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotioncentered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 269–292.
Sy, T., Cote, S., & Saavedra, R.(2005). The contagious leader: impact of the leader’s mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 2, 295-305.
Tepper, B.J. (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 178-190.
Tepper, B.J. Lockhart, D., & Hoobler, J. (2001). Justice, citizenship, and role definition effects. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86, 4, 789-796.
Trochim, W.M. (2004). Sampling, în Trochim W.M. Research Methods Knowledge Base. Cornell University; găsit la adresa: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampling.htm.
Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J.A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behavior: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108-119.
Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D.S. (2000). Perspectives on models of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8, 216–226.
Avolio, B.I., & Bass, B.M. (1999). Re-examining the componenets of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 72, 1, 441-462.
Avolio, B., Bass, B., Iliescu, D., Beldean, F., & Sîntion, F. (2007). Technical and interpretative manual of the MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) in Romania. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Bachrach, D.G., Powell, B.C., Bendoly, E., & Richey, R.G., (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance Evaluations: Exploring the Impact of Task Interdependence Journal of Applied Psychology. 91, 1, 193-201.
Bass B. M., Jung D.I., Avolio B.J., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 207-218.
Bennett, R.J., & Robinson, S.L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology. 85,3, 349-360.
Bono, J.E., Foldes, H.J., Vinson, G., & Muros, J.P. (2007). Workplace emotionas: the role of supervision and leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 5, 1357-1367.
Bono, J.E., & Judge, T.A. (2004). Personality and Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership, a Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 5, 901- 910.
Bono, J.E., & Judge, T.A. (2003). Self-concordance at work : toward understanding motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 554-571.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10, 99–109.
Bruk-Lee, V., & Spector, P.E. (2006). The Social Stressors–Counterproductive Work Behaviors Link: Are Conflicts With Supervisors and Coworkers the Same? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2006, 11, 2, 145–156.
Bycio, P., Hackett, R.D., & Allen J.S. (1995). Further Assessments of Bass’s (1985). Conceptualization of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology. 80, 4, 468-478.
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., Pitariu, H. D., Vercellino, D., & Iliescu, D. (2008). Manual tehnic si interpretativ al BFQ pentru Romania. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Chemers M.M. (2000). Leadership Research an Theory: A Functional Integration. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 1, 27-43.
Cobia, D. C, & Boes, S. R. (2000). Professional disclosure statements and formal plans for supervision: Two strategies for minimizing the risk of ethical conflicts in post-master's supervision. Journal of Counseling and
Development, 78, 293-296.
Colbert, A.E., Mount, M.K., Harter, J.K., Witt, L.A., & Barrick, M.R. (2004). Interactive Effects of Personality and Perceptions of the Work Situation onWorkplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 4, 599–609.
Dalal, R.S. (2005). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between OrganizationalCitizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology,90, 6, 1241-1255.
Den Hartog, D.N., Van Muijen, J.J., & Koopman, P.L. (1997). Transactional versus Transformational leadership: an analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1, 2, 19-34.
Dierendonck, D., Haynes, C., Borrill, C., & Stride, C. (2004). Leadership Behavior and Subordonate Well-Being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 9(2), 165-175.
Dilchert, S., Ones, D.S., Davis, R.D., & Rostow, C.D., (2007). Cognitive Ability Predicts Objectively Measured Counterproductive Work Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 3, 616–627.
Epitropaki, O., & Martin R. (2005) From Ideal to Real: A Longitudinal Study of the Role of Implicit Leadership Theories on Leader–Member Exchanges and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90, 4, 659 –676.
Fuqua, D.R., & Newman (2005). Integrating Structural and Behavioral Leadership Strategies. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 57, 2, 126-132.
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R.B. (2005). What we know about Leadership. Review of central Psychology. 9,2, 169-180.
Howell, J.M., & Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational Leadership,
Transactional Leadership, Locus of Control and Support for Innovation: Key Predoctors of Consolidated – Business – Unit Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 6, 891-902.
Hurz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869–879.
Jackson C.L. & LePine J.A. (2003) Peer Responses to a Team’s Weakest Link: A Test and Extension of LePine and Van Dyne’s Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 3, 459–475.
Judge, T.A., & Piccolo, R.F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 5, 755-768.
Judge, T.A., Piccolo, R.F., & Ilies, R. (2004). The Forgotten Ones? The Validity of Consideration and Initiating Structure in Leadership Research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89(1), 36–51.
Kara, A.A., Turner, N., Barling J., Kelloway, E.K., & McKee, M. (2007). Tranformational leadership and psychological well-being : the mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12,3, 193-203.
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The Two Facets of Transformational Leadership: Empowerment and Dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 246-255.
Keller, R.T. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Initiating Structure, and Substitutes for Leadership: A Longitudinal Study of Research and Development Project Team Performance. Journal of Applied
Psychology. 91, 1, 202–210.
Kelloway, E., Mullen, J., & Francis, L. (2006). Divergent Effects of Transformational and Passive Leadership on Employee Safety. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 11, 1, 76-86.
Levine, & Xu, Xian, (2005). Development and validation of the State-Trait Emotion Measure (STEM). Paper presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the Society Industrial and Organizational Psychology, April.
Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2007). Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 4, 1006-1019.
Lim, B.C., & Ployhart, R.E. (2004). Transformational Leadership Relation to the Five/Factor Model and Team Performance in Typical and Maximum Context. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 4, 610-621.
Lowe, K.B., Kroeck, K.G., & Sivasubramanian, N. (1996) Effectiveness corelates of transformation and trasational leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. Leadership Quarterly, 7, 1, 385- 425.
McCarthy Veach, P. (2001). Conflict and Counterproductivity in Supervision—When Relationships Are Less Than Ideal: Comment on Nelson and Friedlander (2001). and Gray et al. (2001) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 4, 396-400.
Moorman, R. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 6, 845-855.
Northouse, P.G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and practice. California: Saje Publication.
Offerman, L.R., & Hellman, P.S. (1996). Leadership behavior and subordonate stress. A 360° view. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 382- 390.
Pearce, C.L., & Sims, H.P.jr. (2002). Vertical Versus Shared Leadership as Predictors of the Effectiveness of Change Management Teams: An Examination of Aversive, Directive, Transactional, Transformational and Empowering Leader Behaviors. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and
Practice, 6, 2, 172-197.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of
Management, 26, 1, 513–561.
Rioux, S.M., & Penner, L.A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86, 6, 1306-1314.
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P.R. (2002). The Relative Importance of Task, Citizenship, and Counterproductive Performance to Global Ratings of Job Performance: A Policy-Capturing Approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1, 66–80.
Salgado, J.F. (2002). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Counterproductive Behaviors International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10, 1, 117-125
Sava, F., (2004). Analiza datelor în cercetarea psihologică. Metode statistice
complementare. Cluj-Napoca: Editura ASCR.
Sîntion, F., & Iliescu, D. (2007). Teoriile leadershipului. Anexa teoretica la manualul MLQ. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea.
Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S.S., & Cha, S.E. (2007). Embracing Transformational Leadership: Team Values and the Impact of Leader Behavior on Team Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 4, 1020–1030.
Sosik, J. J., Avolio, B.J., & Kahai, S.S. (1997). Effects of leadeship Styles and Anonymity on Group Potency and Effectiveness in a Group Decision Support System Environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 1, 89-103.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotioncentered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 269–292.
Sy, T., Cote, S., & Saavedra, R.(2005). The contagious leader: impact of the leader’s mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 2, 295-305.
Tepper, B.J. (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 178-190.
Tepper, B.J. Lockhart, D., & Hoobler, J. (2001). Justice, citizenship, and role definition effects. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86, 4, 789-796.
Trochim, W.M. (2004). Sampling, în Trochim W.M. Research Methods Knowledge Base. Cornell University; găsit la adresa: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampling.htm.
Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J.A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behavior: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108-119.
Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D.S. (2000). Perspectives on models of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8, 216–226.
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Published
2020-01-21
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Stăvilă Rîlea, V. (2020). Efecte ale stilului de leadership asupra performantei în mediul organizational. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 6(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i1.348
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